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ExpressionScript examples
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{{Note| '''Please help extending this article''' by adding your own examples. This will help others getting started using the Expression Script.}}
The first part of the article will describe what Expressions can be used for and where to find/add an Expression. The second part provides examples on how to use Expression.
LimeSurvey uses Expressions for the following purposes:
* [[ExpressionScript_examples#Relevance|Relevance]]
* [[ExpressionScript_examples#Validation|Validation]]
* [[ExpressionScript_examples#Text output|Text output]]
* [[ExpressionScript_examples#Answers storing|Answers storing]]
Relevance controls whether a question group or question is shown or hidden. If the result of the Expression is "true" (i.e. 1), the element will be shown. Otherwise (if the result of the Expression is "false" (i.e. 0)), the element will be hidden.
{|class="wikitable"
!Type!!Shows/hides!!Where to find!!Screenshot
|-
|Question group Relevance||question group||Create/Edit question group -> "Relevance equation:"||[[File:Group relevance equation screenshot.png|30px]]
|-
|Question Relevance||question||Create/Edit question -> "Relevance equation:"||[[File:Question relevance equation screenshot.png|30px]]
|-
|Subquestion Relevance||subquestion||Edit subquestions -> "Relevance equation:"||[[File:Subquestion relevance equation screenshot.png|30px]]
|-
|}
Validation controls whether the respondent's input into a question or action is valid or not. If the result of the expression is "true" (i.e. 1), the "good" class will be applied to the element and validation message. Otherwise, if the result of the expression is "false" (i.e. 0)), the "error" class will be apllied to the element and validation message. You can declare a style for these classes in the '''template.css'''.
{|class="wikitable"
!Type!!Validates!!Where to find!!Screenshot
|-
|Question Validation||question||Create/Edit question -> "Logic tab" -> "Question validation equation"||[[File:Question validation equation.png|30px]]
|-
|Subquestion Validation||subquestions||Create/Edit question -> "Logic tab" -> "Subquestion validation equation"||[[File:Subquestion validation screenshot.png|30px]]
|}
An expression can be used to write out some text. For example, you can test or calculate something and specify the output depending on the result of the test or calculation. It can also be used to insert the question text, answers, question types, ... of a question used before the Expression is used. Text output can be used everywhere where a text is shown and can return every kind of results.
{|class="wikitable"
!Use Case!!Description
|-
|Micro tailoring||Adjust a text, e.g., write "Mr" or "Mrs" depending on a gender question asked before
|-
|Calculation||Calculate a value and write it out, e.g., "Your family income is xxx"
|-
|Reference||Insert a text from an element, e.g., "Your name is xxx. How old are you?"
|}
[[Question type - Equation|The Equation Question Type]] can be used to store something in the database. You can do something with an Expression, show the Equation question (which is similar to a [[Question type - Text display|text display]]) and store the result of the Expression in the database. It stores the answer into the responses table. Then, the result can be used within the statistics feature or it can also be imported into one of the formats provided by the LimeSurvey export functionality.
{| class="wikitable"
|Purpose||Insert an answer from a previous question
|-
|Type||Reference
|-
|Example||Question one (question code "Q00"): What city do you live in? <br /> Question two (question code "Q01") How long have you lived in CITY? <br /> To do: The answer from question one should be used instead of "CITY" from the second question.
|-
|Expression||{QOO}
|-
|Description|| The answer provided in Q00 replaces the Q00 field from the second question
|-
|Steps||Create/Edit question two <br /> Insert "How long have you lived in {QOO} (years)?" into the question text field
|-
|colspan="2" align="center"|[[File:Simple expression city name.png]]
|}
'''Problem:'''
Imagine you have two questions Q1 and Q2. Q1 asks respondents for their age. Q2 divides respondents into three groups: age is below 20 years, age is 20, age is greater than 20.
So, Q2 should make use of the values "1", "2", "3", which correspond to the above conditions. Also, we should not forget to make Q2 invisible (the question will not be displayed in the survey, but the values will be via the "background process" within the responses table).
'''To fill in the database using the Equation question type:'''
* First, create a question with code Q1 as a numerical input question.
* Then create another question with code Q2 as an equation question.
* In the "Display settings" tab chapter of Q2:
** set "Always hide this question" field as "On"
** type in "Equation" field the expression:
<pre>{if(Q1.NAOK < 20, "1", if(Q1.NAOK > 20, "3", "2"))}</pre>
This tutorial demonstrates how you can create an overview at the end of the survey, listing all questions and answers via [https://manual.limesurvey.org/ExpressionScript_-_Presentation#Access_to_variables ExpressionScript placeholders].
It also shows how to limit such an overview to answered questions only.
Our example can be downloaded from here: [[Media:Limesurvey_Expression_Manager_Placeholder_Demo_Survey.lss|Survey placeholders survey example]].
'''1. Single choice questions / single text/numeric questions'''
*List (dropdown)
*List (radio) [L]
*Yes/No [Y]
*Long free text [T]
*Short free text [S]
*Numerical input [N]
*Equation [*]
'''2. Question with subquestions'''
*Multiple short text [Q]
*Multiple choice [M]
*Array [F]
*Array (Yes/No/Uncertain) [C]
*Array (10 point choice) [B]
*List (dropdown)
*List (radio)
*List with comment
*5 point choice
*Yes/No
*Short free text
*Long free text
*Huge free text
*Numerical input
*Equation
*Date
*Gender
Assuming the question code of the question is q1, we can reference the question text and answer using:
If you want to check whether that question was answered you can put an IF statement around your output:
This "translates" to: IF question with code q1 is not empty, output "- " AND the question text AND ": " AND the answer text (the join() function joins elements as a new string; ELSE: output nothing ("" means empty string).
*Multiple short text
*Multiple choice
*Multiple choice with comments
*Array
*Array (5 point choice)
*Array (10 point choice)
*Array (Yes/No/Uncertain)
*Array (Increase/Same/Decrease)
*Array by column
Assuming the question code of the question is q2 and the subquestions are numbered SQ001, SQ002, (auto-numbering done by LimeSurvey), we can reference the question text and answer using:
For multiple choice questions it makes sense to now show the text of the ticked subquestion but to show a Y for each selected option:
Note that currently it is not possible to output the question text of questions with subquestions, see [http://bugs.limesurvey.org/view.php?id=8858 this feature request].
If you want to output checked items only you can put an IF statement around your output and check for the checkbox value:
Use the <i>listifop</i> function if you want to output a list of only the selected items, eg: Mercedes, Volvo
Where <small>that.q2</small> expands to all of q2's subquestions. See [[ExpressionScript - Presentation#The_reserved_.22this.22.2C_.22self.22.2C_and_.22that.22_variables|self, this and that]] for more detail.
If you want to output rated items only you can put an IF statement around your output and check if the current sub question was answered by using:
<pre>{ if( ! is_empty( q3_SQ001 ), join( "- ", q3_SQ001.question, ": ", q3_SQ001.shown ), "" ) }</pre>
Use the <i>listifop</i> function if for example you want to only output a list of the selected items greater than eight, eg: Audi / Volvo
Let's assume that the following codes are being used:
*Question code: q4
*Subquestion codes: SQ001, SQ002, ...
*Answer codes scale 1: A1, A2, ...
*Answer codes scale 2: B1, B2, ...
{{Note|To refer to the result of a certain subquestion on a certain scale, you need to use QuestionCode . '_' . SubQuestionCode . '_' . ScaleID. '''Note that "ScaleID" is 0 for the first scale and 1 for the other!'''</br> Example for referring to the answer of the third subquestion and second scale: q4_SQ003_1 - Question 4, subquestion 3, second scale.}}
To output the subquestion text, you need to add the scale ID to the placeholder (though the texts are the same for both scales). So instead of {q4_SQ001.question} we have to use {q4_SQ001_0.question} or {q4_SQ001_1.question}.
If you want to export/display the results of subquestions with at least one answer only, use this syntax for each subquestion:
<pre>{if(count(q4_SQ001_0,q4_SQ001_1)>0,join("- ",q4_SQ001_0.question,": ",q4_SQ001_0.shown," / ",q4_SQ001_1.shown),"")}</pre>
This applies to all matrix questions which allow an answer for every cell (not just every row as shown previously):
*Array Texts
*Array Numbers
Assumed codes used:
*Question code: q5
*Subquestion codes: SQ001, SQ002, ...
*Answer codes: A1, A2, ...
To refer to the result of a certain subquestion from a certain column, you need to use QuestionCode . '_' . SubQuestionCode . '_' . AnswerCode. Example for referring to the answer of the third subquestion and second column: q5_SQ003_A2.
Since for these question types each cell (combination of X axes and Y axes) equals one answer option, a test for existing data needs to be done for each cell. Example:
<pre>{if(!is_empty(q5_SQ001_A1),join("- ",q5_SQ001_A1.question,": ",q5_SQ001_A1.shown),"")}</pre>
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